Efeitos do treinamento físico de vibração de corpo inteiro nos níveis de força de membros inferiores em idosos / Efectos del entrenamiento con ejercicios de vibración de cuerpo entero en los niveles de fuerza de miembros inferiores de adultos mayores / Effects of whole-body vibration exercises on strength levels of lower limb on elderlies

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos do exercício de vibração de corpo inteiro sobre os níveis de força nos membros inferiores de idosos. A amostra foi composta por 15 homens fisicamente ativos (idade: 62,5 ± 2,62 anos). Foram realizadas oito semanas de treinamento com plataforma vibratória, com sessões de 20 minutos de vibração utilizando frequências crescentes de 15 a 30 Hz, com exposição de 30 segundos de vibração e 30 segundos de descanso. A cada dois minutos houve um aumento de frequência de 1 Hz. Os indivíduos foram instruídos a ficar em pé, com os pés afastados na largura dos ombros, joelhos flexionados a 130°, braços estendidos, segurando firmemente a máquina. O procedimento foi realizado duas vezes por semana com intervalo de um dia. A força foi avaliada usando um dinamômetro dorsal em exercícios de extensão de joelho e extensão de coluna lombar. Os testes de força foram realizados na quarta e oitava semana após a última sessão de treinamento. Resultados: Ao final de oito semanas, foi possível observar ganhos significativos de força nos músculos envolvidos no exercício de extensão do joelho (p = 0,01) e na extensão da coluna lombar (p = 0,031). Conclusão: observou-se que o treinamento com vibrações de corpo inteiro promoveu melhora nos níveis de força nos membros inferiores dos idosos participantes do estudo.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos del ejercicio de vibración de todo el cuerpo sobre los niveles de fuerza en los miembros inferiores de adultos mayores. La muestra estuvo formada por 15 hombres físicamente activos (edad: 62,5 ± 2,62 años). Se realizaron ocho semanas de entrenamiento con plataforma vibratoria, con sesiones de 20 minutos de vibración utilizando frecuencias crecientes de 15 a 30 Hz, con exposición de 30 segundos de vibración y 30 segundos de descanso. Cada dos minutos había un aumento de frecuencia de 1 Hz. Se indicó a los individuos que permanecieran de pie con los pies separados a la altura de los hombros, las rodillas flexionadas a 130º y los brazos extendidos sujetando firmemente los apoyamanos de la máquina. El procedimiento se realizó dos veces por semana con un intervalo de un día. La fuerza se evaluó mediante un dinamómetro dorsal en los ejercicios de extensión de rodilla y extensión de columna lumbar. Las pruebas de fuerza se realizaron en la cuarta y octava semana después de la última sesión de entrenamiento. Resultados: Al final de las ocho semanas, fue posible observar ganancias significativas en la fuerza en los músculos involucrados en el ejercicio de extensión de rodilla (p = 0,01) y en la extensión de columna lumbar (p = 0.031). Conclusión: se pudo observar que el entrenamiento con vibraciones de todo el cuerpo promovió una mejora en los niveles de fuerza en los miembros inferiores de los adultos mayores participantes del estudio.

ABSTRACT The present study was to analyze the effects of whole-body vibration exercise on strength levels in the lower limbs in elderly subjects. The sample consisted of 15 physically active individuals (62.5±2.62 years old). All volunteers were male gender. They were submitted to eight weeks of training with a vibrating platform were carried out, with sessions of 20 minutes of vibration using increasing frequencies from 15 to 30 Hz, with exposure of 30 seconds of vibration and 30 seconds of rest. Every two minutes there was an increase in the frequency of 1 Hz. The individuals were instructed to stay in the standing position with their feet shoulder-width apart, knees flexed at 130º, arms outstretched holding firmly on the machine's hand rests. The procedure was performed twice a week with an interval of one day. Strength was assessed using a dorsal dynamometer in the knee extension and lumbar spine extension exercises. Strength tests were performed in the fourth and eighth weeks after the last training session. Results: At the end of eight weeks, it was possible to observe significant gains in strength in the muscles involved in the knee extension exercise (p = 0.0001) and in the lumbar spine extension (p = 0.031) after the eight weeks of intervention. Conclusion: It was possible to observe that the whole-body vibration training promoted an improvement in the strength levels of the elderly participants in the study.

Local vibration therapy promotes the recovery of nerve function in rats with sciatic nerve injury / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#It has been reported that local vibration therapy can benefit recovery after peripheral nerve injury, but the optimized parameters and effective mechanism were unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of local vibration therapy of different amplitudes on the recovery of nerve function in rats with sciatic nerve injury (SNI).@*METHODS@#Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to SNI and then randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, SNI group, SNI + A-1 mm group, SNI + A-2 mm group, and SNI + A-4 mm group (A refers to the amplitude; n = 10 per group). Starting on the 7th day after model initiation, local vibration therapy was given for 21 consecutive days with a frequency of 10 Hz and an amplitude of 1, 2 or 4 mm for 5 min. The sciatic function index (SFI) was assessed before surgery and on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after surgery. Tissues were harvested on the 28th day after surgery for morphological, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the SNI group, on the 28th day after surgery, the SFIs of the treatment groups were increased; the difference in the SNI + A-2 mm group was the most obvious (95% confidence interval [CI]: [5.86, 27.09], P < 0.001), and the cross-sectional areas of myocytes in all of the treatment groups were improved. The G-ratios in the SNI + A-1 mm group and SNI + A-2 mm group were reduced significantly (95% CI: [-0.12, -0.02], P = 0.007; 95% CI: [-0.15, -0.06], P < 0.001). In addition, the expressions of S100 and nerve growth factor proteins in the treatment groups were increased; the phosphorylation expressions of ERK1/2 protein in the SNI + A-2 mm group and SNI + A-4 mm group were upregulated (95% CI: [0.03, 0.96], P = 0.038; 95% CI: [0.01, 0.94], P = 0.047, respectively), and the phosphorylation expression of Akt in the SNI + A-1 mm group was upregulated (95% CI: [0.11, 2.07], P = 0.031).@*CONCLUSION@#Local vibration therapy, especially with medium amplitude, was able to promote the recovery of nerve function in rats with SNI; this result was linked to the proliferation of Schwann cells and the activation of the ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways.

Effects of whole body vibration combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy on spasticity and balance gait parameters in hemiplegic patients with stroke / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Stroke patients may have various sensory-motor disorders, such as spasticity, muscle weakness or sensory damage. Spasticity affects 20% to 40% of stroke patients. Patients with spasticity may have problems such as pain, motor function damage, and the decreased range of motion, which leads to decline of activity and quality of daily life. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a technique that can improve post-stroke spasticity. Whole body vibration (WBV), as a passive neuromuscular muscle stimulation technique, can improve the posture control, muscle strength, and muscle work of different people. At present, there are still few studies using WBV combined with ESWT for the treatment of hemiplegic patients with stroke. This study aims to explore the effects of WBV combined with ESWT on spasticity of the affected lower limb and gait function in stroke patients.@*METHODS@#From March 2020 to March 2021, 50 hemiplegic patients with stroke were treated in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the First Hospital of Changsha and they were assigned into a control group and a combined group, 25 cases per group. Both groups carried out conventional treatment, while the control group undertook the ESWT and fake WBV based on conventional treatment, and the combined group undertook ESWT after WBV and conventional treatment. Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Lower Extremity portion of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and parameters of three-dimensional gait analysis including kinematic parameters (peak value of hip flexion and knee flexion) and spatiotemporal parameters (velocity, cadence and stride length) were assessed before and after 4-week treatment between the 2 groups.@*RESULTS@#After 4 weeks of treatment, MAS scores in 2 groups were lower than before (both P<0.05), and the combined group was lower than the control group (P<0.001); BBS and FMA-LE scores were higher than those before treatment (both P<0.05), and the combined group was higher than the control group (both P<0.001); in the control group, the walking speed, stride frequency, and stride length were higher than those before treatment (all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the peak value of flexion hip and peak value of flexion knee (both P<0.05); the peak value of hip flexion, peak value of knee flexion, step speed, step frequency, and stride length in the combined group were higher than those before treatment (all P<0.05), and were higher than those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#WBV combined with ESWT can improve the spasticity and motor function of the affected lower extremity, balance, and gait in hemiplegic patients with stroke.

Efectos de las plataformas vibratorias en la salud ósea en mujeres posmenopáusicas / Effects of Vibratory Platforms on Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women

Estudios recientes han sugerido que los estímulos mecánicos (vibraciones) de alta frecuencia y baja magnitud pueden ejercer un efecto positivo sobre la morfología ósea y beneficiar su cantidad y calidad. La plataforma vibratoria es una máquina popular que se introdujo en la última década como una nueva promesa contra el tratamiento de la osteoporosis. Actualmente, en el mundo hay más de 200 millones de mujeres posmenopáusicas que sufren osteoporosis. Esta enfermedad es una de las más comunes y costosas de la salud pública. El ejercicio físico complementado con el tratamiento vibratorio puede que sea considerado como una estrategia efectiva para la prevención y tratamiento de la osteoporosis posmenopáusica. Esta revisión ofrece una visión general de cuestiones significativas relacionadas con la terapia con la plataforma vibratoria para la prevención y tratamiento de la osteoporosis en mujeres postmenopáusicas. El objetivo de esta revisión ha sido conocer los últimos avances de entrenamiento con plataformas vibratorias para la mejoría de la masa ósea en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Existe una gran discrepancia respecto al uso de estas como tratamiento osteoporósico, uso de diferentes tipos de plataformas, distintas frecuencias, amplitud, aceleración o duración del tratamiento. La escasa literatura estableció que la plataforma vibratoria Galileo es la que más se utiliza en dicha población, pero se necesitan más intervenciones para concretar los beneficios y daños de este tratamiento en mujeres postmenopáusicas(AU)

Recent studies have suggested that mechanical stimuli (vibrations) of high frequency and low magnitude can exert a positive effect on bone morphology and benefit quantity and quality. The vibrating platform is a popular machine introduced in the last decade as a new promise against the treatment of osteoporosis. Currently, there are more than 200 million postmenopausal women in the world suffering from osteoporosis. This disease is one of the most common and expensive in public health. Physical exercise supplemented with vibrational treatment may be considered an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This review offers an overview of significant issues related to therapy with the vibration platform for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The objective of this review is to know the latest advances in vibratory platforms training for the improvement of bone mass in postmenopausal women. There is a great discrepancy regarding the use of vibratory platforms as osteoporosis treatment, the use of different types of platforms, different frequencies, amplitude, acceleration or duration of treatment. The limited literature established that Galileo vibration platform is the most used in this population, but more interventions are needed to grasp the benefits and harms of this treatment in postmenopausal women(AU)

Whole-Body Vibration Training Increases Myocardial Salvage Against Acute Ischemia in Adult Male Rats / Treinamento de Vibração de Corpo Inteiro Aumenta o Resgate Miocárdico contra Isquemia Aguda em Ratos Machos Adultos

Abstract Background: Whole body vibration training (WBV) is a new training program, which is safe and effective. It can be followed by the public. However, data on the safety and efficacy of vibration on myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury are lacking. Objective: To examine the effect of WBV on the tolerance of the myocardium to acute IR injury in an experimental rat model. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into control and vibration groups. Vibration training consisted of vertical sinusoidal whole body vibration for 30 min per day, 6 days per week, for 1 or 3 weeks (WBV1 and WBV3 groups, respectively). All the rats were submitted to myocardial IR injury. Myocardial infarct size and ischemia-induced arrhythmias were assessed. Differences between variables were considered significant when p < 0.05. Results: No differences were observed between the groups regarding the baseline hemodynamic parameters. Infarct size was smaller in the experimental group (control, 47 ± 2%; WBV1, 39 ± 2%; WBV3, 37 ± 2%; p < 0.05, vs. control). Vibration produced a significant decrease in the number and duration of ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes compared to the control value. All ventricular fibrillation (VF) episodes in the vibration groups were self-limited, while 33% of the rats in the control group died due to irreversible VF (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The data showed that vibration training significantly increased cardiac tolerance to IR injury in rats, as evidenced by reduction in the infarct size and cardiac arrhythmias, and by facilitating spontaneous defibrillation.

Resumo Fundamento: O treinamento com vibração de corpo inteiro (WBV) é um novo programa de treinamento seguro e eficaz, e pode ser seguido pelo público. No entanto, dados sobre a segurança e eficácia da vibração na lesão de isquemia e reperfusão (IR) do miocárdio estão em falta. Objetivo: Examinar o efeito da WBV na tolerância do miocárdio à lesão aguda por IR em um modelo experimental em ratos. Métodos: Vinte e quatro ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em 2 grupos: controle e vibração. O treino de vibração consistiu em vibração sinusoidal vertical de corpo inteiro durante 30 min por dia, 6 dias por semana, durante 1 ou 3 semanas (grupos WBV1 e WBV3, respectivamente). Todos os ratos foram submetidos a lesão por IR do miocárdio. O tamanho do infarto do miocárdio e as arritmias induzidas por isquemia foram avaliados. As diferenças entre as variáveis foram consideradas significativas quando p < 0,05. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos em relação aos parâmetros hemodinâmicos basais. O tamanho do infarto foi menor no grupo experimental (controle, 47 ± 2%; WBV1, 39 ± 2%; WBV3, 37 ± 2%; p < 0,05, vs. controle). A vibração produziu uma diminuição significativa no número e duração das taquicardia ventriculares (TV) em comparação com o valor de controle. Todos os episódios de fibrilação ventricular (FV) nos grupos de vibração foram autolimitados, enquanto 33% dos ratos do grupo controle morreram devido a FV irreversível (p = 0,02). Conclusão: Os dados mostraram que o treinamento com vibração de corpo inteiro aumentou significativamente a tolerância cardíaca à lesão de IR em ratos, como evidenciado pela redução do tamanho do infarto e arritmias cardíacas, e pela facilitação da desfibrilação espontânea.

Intermittent vibrations accelerate fracture healing in sheep

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of intermittent vibration at different intervals on bone fracture healing and optimize the vibration interval. Methods: Ninety sheep were randomized to receive no treatment (the control group), incision only (the sham control group), internal fixation with or without metatarsal fracture (the internal fixation group), and continuous vibration in addition to internal fixation of metatarsal fracture, or intermittent vibration at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 17-day interval in addition to internal fixation of metatarsal fracture (the vibration group). Vibration was done at frequency F=35 Hz, acceleration a=0.25g, 15 min each time 2 weeks after bone fracture. Bone healing was evaluated by micro-CT scan, bone microstructure and mechanical compression of finite element simulation. Results: Intermittent vibration at 7-day interval significantly improved bone fracture healing grade. However, no significant changes on microstructure parameters and mechanical properties were observed among sheep receiving vibration at different intervals. Conclusions: Clinical healing effects should be the top concern. Quantitative analyses of bone microstructure and of finite element mechanics on the process of fracture healing need to be further investigated.

Efectos del entrenamiento vibratorio sobre el riesgo de caída en adultos mayores institucionalizados: una revisión breve / Effects of vibration training on the fall risk in institutionalized older adults: a brief review

Objetivo: analizar los efectos del entrenamiento vibratorio sobre el riesgo de caída, el cual implica mediciones de velocidad de caminata, equilibrio, potencia y fuerza muscular, en adultos mayores institucionalizados, mediante una revisión sistemática. Método: se realizó una búsqueda biblio-gráfica sistemática en PUBMED, una de las bases de datos de disponibilidad electrónica más grandes del mundo. Se seleccionaron estudios clínicos experimentales en Inglés realizados en los últimos 5 años. Resultados: 6 estudios fueron detectados. Entre los principales hallazgos, el en-trenamiento vibratorio mejoró la velocidad de caminata, el equilibrio, la densidad ósea, la fuerza y potencia muscular, en combinación con otro ejercicio o de manera individual. Conclusión: el entrenamiento vibratorio en adultos mayores institucionalizados, disminuye el riesgo de caídas en este grupo etario.

Objective: to analyze the effects of vibration training on fall risk, which implies measurements in walking speed, balance, power and muscle strength, in institutionalized older adults, through a systematic review. Method: a systematic bibliographical search was carried out in PUBMED, one of the largest electronic availability databases in the world. Experimental clinical studies in English were selected and carried out for a period of five years. Results: Six studies were detected. Among the main findings, vibration training improved walking speed, balance, bone density, power and muscle strength, in combination with another type of exercise or individually, as well. Conclusion: vibration training in institutionalized older adults reduces fall risk for this age group.

Estímulos vibratórios como acelerador de movimento na clínica diária. Já sabemos o suficiente? / Vibratory stimuli with the movement accelerator on the daily practice. How far we know?

O desejo de ter um tratamento ortodôntico mais rápido é comum a pacientes e profissionais, e muitos meios para acelerar o movimento dentário têm sido pesquisado em todo o mundo. Um dos recursos mais publicitados, se fundamenta na aplicação de estímulos vibratórios nos dentes para induzir uma resposta biológica mais rápida. Desta forma, este artigo objetivou discutir, através de revisão crítica da literatura atual se há segurança na aplicação deste estímulo na clínica diária.

The desire to have a short-term orthodontic treatment is common to both patients and orthodontists and many ways to accelerate tooth movement has been researched around the world. One of the most publicized ways is based on the application of vibratory stimuli to the teeth to induce faster biological response. The authors conducted a critical review of the current literature aiming to clarify whether is safety in the application of this stimulus in everyday practice.

Efeito do alongamento muscular, mobilização neural e estimulação vibratória em pacientes com AVE / Effect of muscle stretching, neural mobilization and vibration in patients with stroke

Introdução: O Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) é definido como sendo uma síndrome clínica, de origem vascular, instalação repentina e não convulsiva que perdura por mais que 24 horas. Objetivos: Analisar e comparar os efeitos do alongamento muscular, da mobilização neural e estimulação vibratória em pacientes com AVE. Metodologia: Foram selecionados 40 sujeitos, de ambos os gêneros divididos de forma aleatória em quatro grupos: Grupo Alongamento Muscular (GAM), Grupo Mobilização Neural (GMN), Grupo Estimulação Vibratória (GEV) e Grupo Controle (GC). Antes e após essas intervenções, foram avaliados o equilíbrio e mobilidade funcional através dos testes escala de Berg e Timed Up and GO. O nível de significância estatística adotado foi p≤0,05. Resultados: Houve melhora significativa do equilíbrio e mobilidade funcional após a aplicação das técnicas, onde o GMN e GEV se destacaram por quantificarem melhores resultados, porém na média intergrupal não houve diferença estatística. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que as três técnicas aplicadas trouxeram benefícios imediatos para o público de participantes no estudo com sequelas de AVE.

Introduction: The Vascular Accident (CVA) is defined as a clinical syndrome, of vascular origin, and not sudden convulsive installation that lasts for more than 24 hours. Objectives: To analyze and compare the effects of muscle stretching, neural mobilization and vibratory stimulation in stroke patients. Methods: 40 subjects were selected, of both genders divided randomly into four groups: Muscle Stretching Group (GAM), Neural Mobilization Group (GMN), Vibratory Stimulation Group (GEV) and Control Group (CG). Before and after these interventions were assessed balance and functional mobility through scale testing of Berg and Timed Up and GO. The level of statistical significance adopted was p ≤ 0.05. Results: There was significant improvement in balance and functional mobility after application of the techniques, where the GMN and GEV stood out for quantifying best results, but on average intergroup, there was no statistical difference. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the three techniques applied brought immediate benefits to the public of the study participants with stroke sequelae.

The effects of whole body vibration in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: Whole body vibration (WBV) has been used to increase physical activity levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the effects of WBV on the glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and physical and functional capacity of patients with T2DM. Method: MEDLINE, LILACS, PEDro, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to June 1st, 2015. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of WBV, compared to control or other intervention, on blood glucose levels, blood and physical cardiovascular risk factors, and physical and functional capacity in adult individuals with T2DM. Two independent reviewers extracted the data regarding authors, year of publication, number of participants, gender, age, WBV parameters and description of intervention, type of comparison, and mean and standard deviation of pre and post assessments. Results: Out of 585 potentially eligible articles, two studies (reported in four manuscripts) were considered eligible. WBV interventions provided a significant reduction of 25.7 ml/dl (95% CI:-45.3 to -6.1; I2: 19%) in 12 hours fasting blood glucose compared with no intervention. Improvements in glycated hemoglobin, cardiovascular risk factors, and physical and functional capacity were found only at 12 weeks after WBV intervention in comparison with no intervention. Conclusion: WBV combined with exercise seems to improve glycemic control slightly in patients with T2DM in an exposure-dependent way. Large and well-designed trials are still needed to establish the efficacy and understand whether the effects were attributed to vibration, exercise, or a combination of both.

Whole-body vibration improves fracture healing and bone quality in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of vibration therapy on the bone callus of fractured femurs and the bone quality of intact femurs in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Fifty-six rats aged seven weeks were divided into four groups: control with femoral fracture (CON, n=14), ovariectomized with femoral fracture (OVX, n=14), control with femoral fracture plus vibration therapy (CON+VT, n=14), and ovariectomized with femoral fracture plus vibration therapy (OVX+VT, n=14). Three months after ovariectomy or sham surgery, a complete fracture was produced at the femoral mid-diaphysis and stabilized with a 1-mm-diameter intramedullary Kirschner wire. X-rays confirmed the fracture alignment and fixation. Three days later, the VT groups underwent vibration therapy (1 mm, 60 Hz for 20 minutes, three times per week for 14 or 28 days). The bone and callus quality were assessed by densitometry, three-dimensional microstructure, and mechanical test. RESULTS : Ovariectomized rats exhibited a substantial loss of bone mass and severe impairment in bone microarchitecture, both in the non-fractured femur and the bone callus. Whole-body vibration therapy exerted an important role in ameliorating the bone and fracture callus parameters in the osteoporotic bone. CONCLUSION: Vibration therapy improved bone quality and the quality of the fracture bone callus in ovariectomized rats.

New therapeutic modalities to modulate orthodontic tooth movement

Modulation of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is desirable not only to patients because it shortens treatment time, but also to orthodontists, since treatment duration is associated with increased risk of gingival inflammation, decalcification, dental caries, and root resorption. The increased focus on the biological basis of tooth movement has rendered Orthodontics a more comprehensive specialty that incorporates facets of all fields of medicine. Current knowledge raises the possibility of using new therapeutic modalities for modulation of OTM, such as corticotomy, laser therapy, vibration (low-intensity pulsed ultrasound), local injections of biomodulators and gene therapy; with the latter being applicable in the near future. They are intended to enhance or inhibit recruitment, differentiation and/or activation of bone cells, accelerate or reduce OTM, increase stability of orthodontic results, as well as assist with the prevention of root resorption. This article summarizes recent studies on each one of these therapeutic modalities, provides readers with information about how they affect OTM and points out future clinical perspectives.

A modulação do movimento dentário ortodôntico (MDO) é desejável para os pacientes, pois reduz o tempo de tratamento, e também para ortodontistas, uma vez que a duração do tratamento tem sido associada a um aumento do risco de inflamação gengival, descalcificação, cárie dentária e reabsorção radicular. O crescente foco sobre os mecanismos biológicos da movimentação dentária levou a Ortodontia a ser uma especialidade mais abrangente, que hoje incorpora aspectos de todas as áreas da Medicina. Com o conhecimento atual, o uso de novas modalidades terapêuticas que visam a modulação da MDO, como a corticotomia, terapia a laser de baixa intensidade e vibração (ultrassom pulsátil de baixa intensidade) já são uma realidade clínica. Outras, como injeções locais de biomoduladores e a terapia genética, serão utilizadas em breve. Elas destinam-se a aumentar ou inibir o recrutamento, à diferenciação e/ou ativação das células ósseas, a acelerar ou reduzir a MDO, a aumentar a estabilidade dos resultados ortodônticos, bem como auxiliar na prevenção da reabsorção radicular. Esse artigo resume os estudos mais recentes sobre cada uma dessas novas modalidades terapêuticas, fornecendo informações aos leitores a respeito de como afetam a MDO e aponta futuras perspectivas clínicas.

Physical exercise and osteoporosis: effects of different types of exercises on bone and physical function of postmenopausal women / Exercício físico e osteoporose: efeitos de diferentes tipos de exercícios sobre o osso e a função física de mulheres pós-menopausadas

Physical exercise is an important stimulus for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. However, it is not clear yet which modality would be better to stimulate bone metabolism and enhance physical function of postmenopausal women. This review paper aims to summarize and update present knowledge on the effects of different kinds of aquatic and ground physical exercises on bone metabolism and physical function of postmenopausal women. Moderate to intense exercises, performed in a high speed during short intervals of time, in water or on the ground, can be part of a program to prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. Mechanical vibration has proven to be beneficial for bone microarchitecture, improving bone density and bone strength, as well as increasing physical function. Although impact exercises are recognized as beneficial for the stimulation of bone tissue, other variables such as muscle strength, type of muscle contraction, duration and intensity of exercises are also determinants to induce changes in bone metabolism of postmenopausal women. Not only osteoanabolic exercises should be recommended; activities aimed to develop muscle strength and body balance and improve the proprioception should be encouraged to prevent falls and fractures.

O exercício físico é um estímulo muito importante para o tratamento da osteoporose. Contudo, ainda não está claro qual modalidade seria melhor para estimular o metabolismo ósseo e melhorar a função física de mulheres pós-menopausadas. Este trabalho visa resumir e atualizar os principais achados sobre os efeitos de diferentes tipos de exercícios aquáticos e de solo para a função física e metabolismo ósseo de mulheres pós-menopausadas. Exercícios moderados a intensos, executados em alta velocidade durante intervalos de tempo curtos, na água ou em solo, podem fazer parte de um programa para prevenir e tratar a osteoporose na pós-menopausa. A vibração mecânica se mostrou benéfica para a microarquitetura óssea, aumentando a densidade e a resistência ósseas, bem como melhorando a função física. Apesar de os exercícios de impacto serem  adequados para a estimulação do tecido ósseo, outras variáveis, como força muscular, tipo de contração, duração e intensidade dos exercícios, também são determinantes para induzir mudanças no metabolismo ósseo de mulheres pós-menopausadas. Além da ação sobre o osso, outras atividades que visem aumentar a força muscular e melhorar a propriocepção e o equilíbrio corporal também devem ser encorajadas para a prevenção de quedas e fraturas.

Manual vibrocompression and nasotracheal suctioning in post-operative period of infants with heart deffects / Vibrocompresion manual y aspiracion nasotraqueal en el post-operatorio de lactantes cardiopatas / Vibrocompressao manual e aspiracao nasotraqueal no pos-operatorio de lactentes cardiopatas

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of manual vibrocompression and nasotracheal suctioning on heart (hr) and respiratory (rr) rates, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), pain and respiratory distress in infants in the postoperative period of a cardiac surgery. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial, in which the assessments were performed by the same physiotherapist in two moments: before and after the procedure. The infants were randomly divided into two groups: Intervention (IG), with manual chest vibrocompression, nasotracheal suctioning and resting; and Control CG), with 30 minutes of rest. Cardiorespiratory data (SpO2; hr; rr) were monitored and the following scales were used: Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), for pain evaluation, and Bulletin of Silverman-Andersen (BSA), for respiratory distress assessment. The data were verified by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, being significant p<0.05. RESULTS: 20 infants with heart disease, ten in each group (seven acyanotic and three cyanotic) were enrolled, with ages ranging from zero to 12 months. In the analysis of the interaction between group and time, there was a significant difference in the variation of SpO2 (p=0.016), without changes in the other variables. Considering the main effect on time, only rr showed a significant difference (p=0.001). As for the group main effect, there were no statistical differences (SpO2 - p=0.77, hr - p=0.14, rr - p=0.17, NIPS - p=0.49 and BSA - p=0.51 ). CONCLUSIONS: The manual vibrocompression and the nasotracheal suctioning applied to infants in postoperative of cardiac surgery did not altered SpO2 and rr, and did not trigger pain and respiratory distress. [Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC): REQ: 1467]. .

OBJETIVO: Verificar la repercusión de la vibrocompresión manual y de la aspiración nasotraqueal sobre parámetros cardiorrespiratorios de frecuencia cardíaca (fc) y respiratoria (fr), saturación periférica de oxígeno (SpO2), dolor y dificultad respiratoria, en lactantes en el post-operatorio de cirugías cardíacas. MÉTODOS: Estudio controlado y randomizado, con las evaluaciones realizadas por la misma fisioterapeuta, en dos momentos: antes y después del procedimiento. Se dividió el total de lactantes en dos grupos, por sorteo simple: Intervención (GI), con vibrocompresión manual torácica, aspiración nasotraqueal y reposo; y Control (GC), con 30 minutos de reposo. Se evaluaron los datos cardiorrespiratorios (SpO2; fc; fr), aplicándose las escalas: Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), para analizar el dolor, y Boletín de Silvermann-Andersen (BSA), para verificar la dificultad respiratoria. Los datos fueron tratados mediante análisis de variancia (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas, siendo significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 20 lactantes cardiópatas, diez en cada grupo (siete acianóticos y tres cianóticos), con edades de cero a 12 meses. Para analizar la interacción entre el grupo y el tiempo, se observó diferencia significativa en la variación de la SpO2 (p=0,016), sin alteración en las demás variables. El comportamiento de los parámetros en los tiempos, a su vez, presentó diferencia significativa solamente en la variación de la fr (p=0,001). Respecto a la evaluación del efecto en el grupo, no hubo diferencia estadística en cualquiera de los datos (SpO2 - p=0,77; fc - p=0,14; fr - p=0,17; NIPS - p=0,49 e BSA - p=0,512). CONCLUSIONES: La vibrocompresión manual y la aspiración nasotraqueal aplicadas a lactantes en el post-operatorio de cirugías ...

OBJETIVO: Verificar a repercussão da vibrocompressão manual e da aspiração nasotraqueal sobre os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios de frequência cardíaca (fc) e respiratória (fr), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), dor e desconforto respiratório, em lactentes no pós-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas. MÉTODOS: Estudo controlado e randomizado, com as avaliações realizadas pela mesma fisioterapeuta, em dois momentos: antes e após o procedimento. Dividiu-se o total de lactentes, por sorteio simples, em dois grupos: Intervenção (GI), com vibrocompressão manual torácica, aspiração nasotraqueal e repouso; e Controle (GC), com 30 minutos de repouso. Avaliaram-se os dados cardiorrespiratórios (SpO2; fc; fr), aplicando-se as escalas: Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), para analisar a dor, e Boletim de Silvermann-Andersen (BSA), para verificar o desconforto respiratório. Os dados foram tratados por meio de análise de variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas, sendo significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Avaliaram-se 20 lactentes cardiopatas, dez em cada grupo (sete acianóticos e três cianóticos), com idades de zero a 12 meses. Para analisar a interação entre o grupo e o tempo, observou-se diferença significativa na variação da SpO2 (p=0,016), sem alteração nas demais variáveis. Já o comportamento dos parâmetros nos tempos apresentou diferença significativa apenas na variação da fr (p=0,001). Quanto à avaliação do efeito no grupo, não houve diferença estatística em nenhum dos dados (SpO2 - p=0,77; fc - p=0,14; fr - p=0,17; NIPS - p=0,49 e BSA - p=0,51). CONCLUSÕES: A vibrocompressão manual e a aspiração nasotraqueal aplicadas em lactentes no pós-operatório ...

Efeito imediato da vibração de corpo inteiro na função motora em pacientes acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral: ensaio clínico randomizado / Immediate effect of whole-body vibration on the motor function of patients with stroke: a randomized clinical trial

O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é um problema de saúde pública relevante em virtude de sua alta frequência e de grande impacto na população. Classificam-se, como uma das quatro causas mais comuns de morte no mundo, sendo considerada uma doença incapacitante, e que limita a qualidade de vida. Objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito imediato da vibração de corpo inteiro na função motora de pacientes acometidos por AVC. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado, nos quais foram alocados quarenta e três indivíduos (33 grupo intervenção - GI - e 10 grupo controle - GC) com sequela de hemiparesia decorrente de AVC. Aplicou-se no GI uma sessão de terapia vibratória (frequência - 50 Hz e amplitude - 2 mm) por 4 série de 1 minuto com descanso de 1 minuto entre as séries, em 3 posições: apoio bipodal com joelho fletido a 30º e a 90º, apoio unipodal sobre o membro parético. Os testes aplicados para análise foram: o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M), teste de escada (TSE), teste de time get-up-and-go (TGUG) e a avaliação eletromiográfica (EMG). A EMG foi aplicada na contração isométrica voluntária simultaneamente para os músculos tibial anterior e retofemural ambos do lado acometido e não acometido (TAA e TANA; RFA e RFNA) respectivamente. Aplicou-se para análise estatística o teste t independente para comparar as características basais dos grupos, teste t pareado e o teste de ANCOVA para verificar o efeito da intervenção no grupo e no tempo. Os resultados demonstram que não há evidência de efeitos na interação grupo e tempo para as variáveis RFA, RFNA, TAA, TANA e TSE (p?0,05). Há evidências de efeito na interação grupo para as variáveis TC6M e para TGUG (p<0,05). Conclui-se que o efeito imediato da vibração de corpo inteiro não contribuiu para melhora da função motora em pacientes acometidos por Acidente Vascular Cerebral.

Stroke is a relevant public health problem, due to its high frequency and strong impact on the population. It is classified as one of the four most common causes of death worldwide and is considered to be a disabling disease, which limits the patients' quality of life. The aim of this paper was to investigate the immediate effects of whole body vibration on the motor function of patients affected by stroke. This is a randomized clinical trial, where forty-three hemiparetic subjects, due to stroke sequel, were allocated (33 for the intervention group - IG - and 10 for the control group - CG). For the IG subjects a vibratory therapy (50 Hz frequency and 2 mm amplitude) session was applied consisting of four series of stimulation of 1-minute each with a 1-minute resting interval among all series, in three different positions: bipodal landing position with knees bent at 30º then at 90º and finally, unipodal landing position on the hemiparetic limb. The tests used for the analysis were the 6 minute walking test (6MWT), stair climbing test (SCT), time get-up-and-go test (TGUGT) and electromyographic evaluation (EMG). The latter was applied simultaneously, at isometric voluntary contraction, of tibialis anterior and rectus femorais muscles', both affected and unaffected sides (TAA and TAU ; RFA and RFU) respectively. For statistical analysis, the independent t test was applied to compare the baseline characteristics of the groups and the paired t test as well as ANCOVA to determine the effect of the intervention in both the groups and time. The results show no evidence of effects in group and time interaction for the RFA, RFU, TAA, TAU and SCT variables (p?0.05). There is evidence of effect on the group interaction for the 6MWT and TGUGT variables (p<0.05). It was concluded that, the immediate effects of whole body vibration have not contributed for the improvement of stroke-patients' functional motor.

Whole-body vibration decreases the proliferativeb response of TCD4+ cells in elderly individuals with knee osteoarthritis

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding whole-body vibration (WBV; frequency = 35 to 40 Hz; amplitude = 4 mm) to squat training on the T-cell proliferative response of elderly patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. This study was a randomized controlled trial in which the selected variables were assessed before and after 12 weeks of training. Twenty-six subjects (72 ± 5 years of age) were divided into three groups: 1) squat training with WBV (WBV, N = 8); 2) squat training without WBV (N = 10), and 3) a control group (N = 8). Women who were ≥60 years of age and had been diagnosed with OA in at least one knee were eligible. The intervention consisted of 12 uninterrupted weeks of squatting exercise training performed 3 times/week. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from peripheral blood collected before and after training. The proliferation of TCD4+ and TCD8+ cells was evaluated by flow cytometry measuring the carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester fluorescence decay before and after the intervention (∆). The proliferative response of TCD4+ cells (P = 0.02, effect size = 1.0) showed a significant decrease (23%) in the WBV group compared to the control group, while there was no difference between groups regarding the proliferative response of TCD8+ cells (P = 0.12, effect size = 2.23). The data suggest that the addition of WBV to squat exercise training might modulate T-cell-mediated immunity, minimizing or slowing disease progression in elderly patients with OA of the knee.

Effect of multimodality chest physiotherapy on the rate of recovery and prevention of complications in patients with mechanical ventilation: A prospective study in medical and surgical intensive care units.

Background: Mechanically ventilated patients have an increased risk of complications leading to ventilation weaning more difficult resulting in excessive morbidity and mortality. Chest physiotherapy plays an important role in management of ventilated patients. However, these techniques have been studied on patients as a single entity or with combination of two techniques. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of multimodality chest physiotherapy on the rate of recovery and prevention of complications in adult ventilated patients. Materials and Methods: Out of 173 patients who were randomly allocated to two groups, 86 patients received MH and suctioning in control group and 87 patients were treated with multimodality chest physiotherapy in the study group twice daily till they were extubated. All patients were followed up for the global outcomes and complications during mechanical ventilation. Results: There were significant improvements in terms of rate of recovery in study group compared to the control group (P = 0.000). Complication rates were higher with 61.6% in the control group as compared to 26.4% in the study group. Duration of hospitalization was longer in the study group (16 ± 9.40 days) as compared to the control group (12.8 ± 6.12 days). Successful weaning from mechanical ventilation was noted in 58 patients in the study group and 24 patients in the control group which was statistically significant. Conclusions: Multi-modality chest physiotherapy protocol has shown to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia and enhance the clinical outcome in ventilated patients and may be recommended as a treatment option in ICU. It has also shown to enhance the weaning process and proved to be safe.

Abordagens atuais para a recuperação da perda óssea em portadoras de osteoporose / Current approaches to recovery from bone loss in patients with osteoporosis

Fraturas osteoporóticas constituem um grave problema de saúde pública, e sua prevenção é fundamental. As medidas preventivas incluemmodificações no estilo de vida, nos hábitos nutricionais e na prática de exercícios. A terapia estrogênica ainda é muito usada no tratamento da osteoporose após a menopausa. Porém, seus efeitos adversos limitam o seu uso. Os moduladores seletivos do receptor estrogênico (SERMs) são uma nova classe de medicamentos que foram desenvolvidos com o objetivo de manter os efeitos benéficos da terapia hormonal, porém sem seus efeitos adversos, sendo o raloxifeno, o mais usado contra a perda. Para mulheres na pós-menopausa ou àqueles pacientes muito idosos que não podem fazer exercícios físicos, muitos trabalhos têm demonstrado que a vibração mecânica de baixa intensidade tem sido considerada uma alternativa não-medicamentosa e não-invasiva no tratamento e/ou prevenção da osteoporose. Os mecanismos de ação da vibração mecânica debaixa intensidade ainda são pouco conhecidos.

Osteoporotic fractures are a public health problem and their prevention is an important issue. Prevention of osteoporosis requires changes in life style, in healthy eating habits, as well as in physical exercises. Estrogen therapy is still very used in the treatment of osteoporosis after menopause. However, its adverse effects limit its use. Selective estrogen receptor modulators are a new class of drugs developed to maintain the beneficial effects of the hormone replacement therapy, but without its adverse effects, and raloxifen is the most used selective estrogen receptor modulator to prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. Thus, the demand for alternatives for the treatment postmenopausal bone loss has increased. Lowmagnitude mechanical vibration has been proposed as noninvasive and nonpharmacological alternative for prevention of osteoporosis of elderly people who are unable to practice regular physical exercises. However, the action mechanisms of low-magnitude mechanical vibration are not fully understood.

Utilidades de la estroboscopía digital en el diagnóstico de la disfonía / Usefulness of digital stroboscopy in dysphonia diagnosis

En el estudio de las disfonías la estroboscopía sigue siendo el método más importante del análisis de la función laringía; sin embargo, este estudio puede ser aún mejorado con la integración de la digitalización de imágenes. Se presentan las utilidades y ventajas de este método utilizado desde hace 2 años en nuestra unidad de voz